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Theme Free Europe and the novel's characters

In the Europe of the early nineteenth century, however,

the novel has established itself for nearly a century. Appears in France in 1678 with the touching story of the Princesse de Cleves told by Madame de La Fayette: set in the middle of the sixteenth century, the court of Henry II, is the story of a passion held in check by a sense of honor and duty . Adventure and philosophical inquiry are combined in Voltaire's novel Candide (1759) in which a young man, after many adventures, marries his beloved, now old and ugly, but she finds the meaning of life. In
Betrothed travel departures, separations, research, the chance encounters are quite frequent and, at the base, is the typical mechanism of adventure stories. On the other hand, the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his novel La Nouvelle Eloise (1761), continues the theme of love thwarted by a sense of duty, creating an incomparable model of romantic heroine in the figure of Julia, daughter obedient and faithful wife which, subject to the reservations, we could pull over to Lucy. The theme of travel, shipwreck, the difficulties to which man, with science, knows remedy back in the Robinson Crusoe (1719) of English Daniel Defoe, and the reason of injustice and wickedness of the noble young man who doggedly on a poor show in Tom Jones (1749) by Henry Fielding.
Needless to say, all these novels are resolved with a happy ending: the plot is exposed and persecuted receives the right amount of reward, just as in "The Betrothed, Alessandro Manzoni's novel even though there is a component that is absent in all others: religious vision. We had anticipated this observation to avoid misinterpretations. In the eighteenth century, within the genre "Gothic" novels appear "blacks" in which the heroes move on dark backgrounds of castles populated by mysterious and superhuman forces, stymied by evil that evoke otherworldly powers: this is the content of the Castle of Otranto (1764) English Horace Walpole, in which emerged the figure of the girl that because of the persecution of the noble bully, can not marry the young man she loves. The Nun (1796) French Denis Diderot, narrates the adventures of a young woman who enters a convent, forced by his family: we can not think of the famous story of the nun of Monza Manzoni, even if the story of this character is rescued from the seventeenth-century chronicles of Ripamonti. The Monaco (1796), by Matthew Gregory Lewis, is a typical example of the gothic novel in which horror, eroticism, suspense and violence mix captivated the reader. Do not forget that even in the Betrothed there are kidnappings and twists, and characters that might appear to be well defined as "oppressors".
The great German writer Wolfgang Goethe (1739-1842) suggests that the theme of the Foscolo unhappy in Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis with the novel The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), which tells the story of an impossible love for the beautiful Carlotta. Yet another of his novels, The Years of Apprenticeship of Wilhelm Meister (1795) provides a good starting point for Manzoni. The analysis of the formation of the young Goethe, in fact, is no stranger to the conception of the character Renzo that, during the novel, mature and enrich his experience, up to consolidate a confident personality.